Imaging Technologies Ultrasoundmachines came into routine use in the late sixties, CAT scans in the seventies andMRI in the eighties. All of these imaging techniques added greatly to prenatal care, earlier and more accurate diagnoses of many conditions and much earlier and more appropriate medical and surgical treatments. Ultrasound devices enable the examiner to visualize two-dimensional images in real time for diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. CAT scans (computerized axial tomography) are special X-ray tests that produce cross-sectional images of the part of the body being examined using X-rays and a computer. Earlier, more accurate diagnoses and the ability for detecting smaller abnormalities provides for much better care. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of tissues and organs in your body. No radiation is associated with MRIs and the technology allows for earlier and more accurate diagnosis in all areas of the body, especially in bone as well as soft tissues such as the brain. Telemedicine The diagnosis and treatment of patients by means of telecommunications technology has been greatly enhanced for those in more remote areas of the country. Family doctors, in particular, have been able to communicate with specialists through phone and by transmitting laboratory data, X-ray film and other diagnostic information to receive expert assistance in the patient’s management. Robotic Surgery Robot-assisted surgery is now used commonly inmajor surgical centres to allow surgeons to perform many types of complex operations with more flexibility, precision and control than is possible with conventional techniques. It is less invasive and can often be done through tiny incisions leading to fewer complications and speedier recoveries. It has even been done remotely, with the surgeon operating the robotic arms from another community. Interventional Radiology Only in recent years have radiologists emerged as major partners in treating, as well as diagnosing disease. With the use of imaging technologies, radiologists are able to treat a wide range of conditions by inserting various small tools such as wires or catheters into many different sites such as the heart (balloon angioplasty and coronary artery stents), the brain (certain type of stroke treatment), the kidney and ureters (stent insertion and stone management) and many other diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Health Home Monitors Blood pressure readings are always more accurately assessed using home monitors. Available in wrist and upper arm models, they are affordable and useful in the measurement and recording of blood pressure away from the stressful doctor’s office or hospital. The results improve the doctor’s ability tomore effectively manage hypertension. Patients with suspected heart conditions can be monitored at home by wearing a Holter monitor, which provides the physician with valuable information about the heart’s rhythm and rate over a 24-hour period. Diabetics can nowmore effectively control their sugar levels with a continuous glucose monitor, a small sensor worn under the skin which measures the patient’s sugar levels. These results are transmitted to a small, externally worn transmitter and then to a separate receiving device at home, or even to a smart phone. The system can now be connected to an insulin pump and software that allows for the infusion of insulin at rates determined by the glucose monitor. More accurate treatment of blood sugar levels is achieved, reducing the risk of hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar level). Smart Phone Applications There are numerous other apps that can be used with a smart phone or a wrist “watch” device. Many apps are available for download which help to keep you living a healthy lifestyle, that measure your heart and respiratory rate, number of steps that you take in a day, dietary habits and even sleeping patterns. For those who have suffered from episodes of atrial fibrillation, a heart condition more common in seniors, there are a number of apps available which can detect these episodes. This information is then given or transmitted to the physician for urgent management. Numerous police forces are now using phone apps to locate individuals who are lost, as well as GPS tracking systems which are available on most smart phones. Security Devices Many instruments can also be used in the event of a fall to initiate immediate response. For persons with dementia, there are a number of instruments available as solutions to address wandering. The phone or more commonly used hidden device on a person’s clothing or shoe becomes a life-saving location tool, allowing GPS tracking to quickly find the individual who has gone missing. For elderly persons who are frail or living alone, there are devices worn that will automatically send a signal to initiate a medical response. A major supplier of these devices in Canada is Philips Lifeline. CSANews | WINTER 2021 | 33
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